Comparison of Kafkas Metamorphosis and Dali’s Illumined Pleasures Essa

A Comparison of Franz Kafkas novel, Metamorphosis, and Salvador Dalis Painting, Illumined PleasuresIn Franz Kafka novel, Metamorphosis, we are introduced to the disappointment that Greg Samsa feels as a result of touch sensation inadequate through the middle chassis life he is leading(p). In this novel, Kafka uses a build up of emotion caused by his own internal struggle and expresses it through this rather perverse story. care Kafkas complex and daunting tale, many surrealist painters have used the same emotion and theme through their artwork and through the use dimension, have brought this feeling to life. In the Salvador Dalis painting, Illumined Pleasures, this same morbid appeal can be found as well. Both of these works of art are similar in that there is a loss with the sense of the real world and there is a more dominate representation of a world that would reflect that of a dream. In Franz Kafka novel, Metamorphosis one can easily perceive the dissatisfaction faced by Gre g Samsa somewhat dull and repetitive life. In spite of his unhappiness towards leading his proletariat life-style his feels an obligation with having to the be gritrock of his family and provide them with the financial support Starting off as being believing that he was the backbone of his family, Samsa soon discovers when he is transformed into a rather grotesque bug, his family complete neglect towards his contributions and how helped them with their overall survival. When transformed into a bug overnight, Greg Samsa experiences struggle and anguish not only through the new form his body has taken but also the through the discovery and realization of his family members demeanor. As a result of being turned into a bug, Samsa starts to hap a new taste... ...rightening than the last. The thoughts in this painting are scattered and dont necessary borrow a straight sequence. One can conclude from this that through his painting, Dali incorporates many factors similar to those one wo uld experience when dreaming. In both these works we are introduced into a somewhat distorted sense of reality. Though in thought we can imagine ourselves feeling as small or worthless as a bug a times, it is pretty accurate to say that the possibility of someone suddenly transforming into a bug is highly unlikely. Like Dalis painting, we also find ourselves examining something that seems to be off course with our general sense of reality. With its gory and disturbing imagery, Dalis painting and Kafkas novel both seem to have captured a common nightmare brought to life either through elaborate story telling or through vibrant painting.

Huckleberry Finn: A Trip :: essays research papers

A Trip Within&8217 The Heart Of A Colorless BoyIn bread Twain&8217s Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, the main characters take a part within the heart, not just a trip down the Mississippi River. Throughout the trip down the Mississippi River, Huckleberry Finn&8217s, a homeless waif, thoughts about racism change from a racist unwanted boy to a true human being with a sense of his own destiny. Throughout the novel, Huck narrates his adventure and thoughts upon racism and inequality between &8220niggers and whites. Huck and &8220nigger Jim, runaway slave, float down the Mississippi River as unequal individuals, but towards the end of the novel Huck distinguishes that even African-Americans are as equal as white human beings. Huck never reckon the &8220niggers, especially Jim since Huck and Tom Sawyer, a romanticized friend, continuously manoeuvre tricks on Jim so they can feel superior to the &8220black race. Even though Huck escapes parliamentary law and his abusive father, Pap Fi nn, he continues to play tricks on Jim, since Jim ran away from slavery. For example, when Jim explains that he ran off Huck disapproves but promises not to turn him in even though &8220people would call him a low-down Abolitionist (50). This demonstrates that Huck is a kind trustworthy racist boy however, Huck&8217s superstitious character &8220 curling a rattlesnake up on the foot of Jim&8217s blanket as a joke, although in the night the rattlesnake&8217s mate bit Jim (59). In addition, Huck &8220 admonish&8217t going to let Jim find out it was his fault nor apologize because he did not want to feel low to a &8220nigger (59). This incident demonstrates that Huck muted views himself as superior to Jim because of his skin color. At this point of the novel, Huck is helping Jim escape which makes him feel low down to civilization however, he continues to trick Jim so he can be better quality. Huck maintains to treat Jim with little respect and even though he suffers for the trick, he never apologizes to Jim.As they get up down the river, Huck begins to realize the true character of Jim as an equal man with greatness and kindness in his heart. During their ride down the river Huck decides to play another trick on the so-called unintelligent Jim. The final trick Huck plays on Jim while they are in the fog is making Jim guess that everything that has happened in the storm after they broke-off from each other only occurred in Jim&8217s mind.

Human Companionship in Mary Shelly’s Frankenstein :: Mary Shelly, Frankenstein

Human companionship is one of the most basic motifs of humans that can be seen in the Creation story. It is tricky for every human to find the perfect companion especially if one is one of a kind. In Mary Shellys Frankenstein two characters exemplify this need. Dr. Victor Frankenstein and The savage are in search of companionship, and they will go to great lengths to achieve it. The classic theme of perversion of family is a major component in Frankenstein. Dr. Frankenstein comes from a good family but in his adult life he longs for a new companion this is mainly found in the Creature and Elizabeth. The development for the need for the Creature starts when he falls in love with know guidege and is furthered when he leaves to study. In his child hood he has Natural philosophy is the genius that has correct my fate I desire, therefore, in this narration, to stat those facts which led to my predilection for that science(Shelley 36). This passion develops into his obsession i n his adult life when he gains more accesses to knowledge and equipment. consequently it climaxes with start of the reality of the Creature because his accesses to bodies and tools. (quote Intro) I read with ardour those works, so full of genius and discrimination it easily conceived that my progress was rapid(48). His description of the creation makes it seem like he is mothering a child into birth. He distorts the sanity of child birth by creating a human in a lab. This withal makes him the mother and father of the Creature. (quote intro) When I found so astonishing a power placed within my hands, I hesitated a long time concerning the mien in which I should employ it my first success to permit me doubt of my ability to give live(51). This illustrates his power that he has that was never meant to be whatever humans. With the successful test my can create life, strengthens his bond with this impending birth of Creature, who embodies all of his scientific achievement. (quote Intro) How can I describe my emotions at this catastrophe, or how particularize the wretch whom with such infinite pains and care I had endeavored to from? (55). Frankenstein shuns his own creation, whom he should be the loving parents of. The culmination of all of Frankensteins education led to creation his own companionship he can not bear to see his hideous creation.

Essay --

IntroductionThe report aims to explore the issue about Hong Kong Lantau Island to be promoted as a MICE destination. The background, effectiveness and the suggestion of the program argon going to be evaluated and state in the following paragraphs.BackgroundMeetings and Exhibitions Hong Kong (MEHK)The Hong Kong Tourism Board (HKTB) established Meetings and Exhibitions Hong Kong (MEHK) in November 2008 for promotion work in order to continue strengthening Hong Kongs rate as the premier destination for meetings, incentives, conventions and exhibitions in Asia Pacific. Moreover, MEHK offers professional support and customized services for the MICE sector including business building, advisory services and marketing support. Moreover, it develops value-added hospitality programs and services for MICE organizers and participants. In order to promote the island as a one-stop MICE destination, HKTB has teamed up with a number of MICE and travel trade partners on a new initiative named Lantau Experience An inspirational MICE Destination, which features a range of promotional activities since 2010.Promote Lantau Island as a MICE destination Three pronged strategyTo achieve the idea of developing Lantau Island as MICE destination, MEHK has mapped out the three pronged strategy for the plan. First tactic is to leverage local trade partners as well as raise awareness of Lantau Islands MICE improvements such as MICE facilities. Also, to enhance promotions of Lantau by holding a series of major international MICE trade shows in AsiaWorld Expo, which is one of main MICE venue in Hong Kong. Second, MEHK has planned to host familiarization trips for overseas MICE organizers by packaging Lantaus MICE facilities and services, aims to a... ...HK shadow seize the opportunity to promote Lantau Island to the MICE industries. Because two of the new themes, heritage and arts & culture, are the advantages own by the Lantau. Therefore, the MEHK can promote the Lantau as a MICE destina tion and tourism spots without taking extra trouble. Besides, the focused target visitors are chiefly come from long haul markets, hence the global distribution channel for promotion is necessary, for example, the global television channels, travel and business magazines.ConclusionTo sum up, the MEHK can develop Lantau Island as a one-stop MICE destination with unique heritage and cultural of Hong Kong. Therefore, to target the potential MICE visitors who come from long haul markets and also repeat visitors. Since the advantage of Lantau Island can target the specific visitors, the promotion will become more effective and efficient.

Trinculo and Stephano of Shakespeares Tempest :: Tempest essays

Trinculo and Stephano of Shakespeares Tempest         Trinculo and Stephano though not major(ip) characters in  WilliamShakespeares The Tempest, serve a large role in the study itself.  Theymainly serve as the storys comic relief and they also contribute todemonstrating to the reference how evil has no boundaries.  a good deal of the playrevolves around Prosperos contempt for everyone who betrayed him, andProspero forces the conspirators to a remote island.  Trinculo and Stephanohad nothing to do with the plot against Prospero, but end up being draggedalong with the conspirators.  Their parts were wee but were probably themost interesting in the story.         Trinculo and Stephano were primarily used for comic relief.  Comicrelief is very strategic because the story must be able to keep theaudience interested.  What better to make someone laugh than a pair of rummy servants.  Durin g the duration of the story their drunkenness causesthem to do things that commonly they wouldnt do.  They blindly blast totake on Prospero, a powerful sorcerer and scheme how to defeat and fine-tune him. Who in their unplayful mind take on an all powerful sorcerer?  This is quite curious because it shows us how incredibly foolish we act when we are drunk. Of course their attempt to take on Prospero proves to be futile, insteadthey play dress up with his cloaks and when Prospero shows up, Stephano andTrinculo run for their lives and leave Calaban behind carrying the clothesthey attempted to steal.         Trinculo and Stephano were also quite amusing by being drunkthroughout the entire story, they even stated that they wouldnt drinkanything else until the wine ran out.  Tell not me.  When the butt is out,we will drink a drop of water, not a drop before.(Tempest 288)         Trinculo and Stephano also contribute to the play the idea thatevil in men shows no boundaries.  While Antonio and Ferdinand are qualification aplot to kill the King, Alonso, for power, Trinculo and Stephano are doingthe same towards Prospero.  They were enchanted by the story told byCalaban that they would become in charge of the island once Prospero wasdisposed of.  other display of their lack to naturalness comes in the speechby Trinculo on finding the resting Calaban.  Trinculo stated that if hewere back home that he would have peck pay to see Calaban.  Were I inEngland now, as I once was, and had but this fish painted, not a holidayTrinculo and Stephano of Shakespeares Tempest Tempest essays Trinculo and Stephano of Shakespeares Tempest         Trinculo and Stephano though not major characters in  WilliamShakespeares The Tempest, serve a large role in the story itself.  Theymainly serve as the storys comic relief and they also contribute todemonstrating to the audience how evil has no boundaries.  Much of the playrevolves around Prosperos contempt for everyone who betrayed him, andProspero forces the conspirators to a remote island.  Trinculo and Stephanohad nothing to do with the plot against Prospero, but end up being draggedalong with the conspirators.  Their parts were small but were probably themost interesting in the story.         Trinculo and Stephano were primarily used for comic relief.  Comicrelief is very important because the story must be able to keep theaudience interested.  What better to make someone laugh than a pair ofdrunk servants.  During the duration of the story their drunkenness causesthem to do things that normally they wouldnt do.  They blindly attempt totake on Prospero, a powerful sorcerer and scheme how to defeat and kill him. Who in their sober mind take on an all powerful sorcerer?  This is quiteamusing because it shows us how incredibly foolish we act when we are drunk. Of course their attempt to take on Prospero proves to be futile, insteadthey play dress up with his cloaks and when Prospero shows up, Stephano andTrinculo run for their lives and leave Calaban behind carrying the clothesthey attempted to steal.         Trinculo and Stephano were also quite amusing by being drunkthroughout the entire story, they even stated that they wouldnt drinkanything else until the wine ran out.  Tell not me.  When the butt is out,we will drink a drop of water, not a drop before.(Tempest 288)         Trinculo and Stephano also contribute to the play the idea thatevil in men shows no boundaries.  While Antonio and Ferdinand are making aplot to kill the King, Alonso, for power, Trinculo and Stephano are doingthe same towards Prospero.  They were enchanted by the story told byCalaban that they would become in charge of the island once Prospero wasdisposed of.  Another display of their lack to purity comes in the speechby Trinculo on finding the resting Calaban.  Trinculo stated that if hewere back home that he would have people pay to see Calaban.  Were I inEngland now, as I once was, and had but this fish painted, not a holiday

Trinculo and Stephano of Shakespeares Tempest :: Tempest essays

Trinculo and Stephano of Shakespeares Tempest         Trinculo and Stephano though not major characters in  WilliamShakespeares The Tempest, pay heed a large component in the story itself.  Theymainly serve as the storys comic relief and they too contribute todemonstrating to the audience how evil has no boundaries.  Much of the shrink fromrevolves more or less Prosperos contempt for everyone who betrayed him, andProspero forces the conspirators to a remote island.  Trinculo and Stephanohad nothing to do with the temporary hookup against Prospero, but end up universe draggedalong with the conspirators.  Their part were small but were likely themost interesting in the story.         Trinculo and Stephano were primarily used for comic relief.  Comicrelief is very important because the story essential be able to defy theaudience interested.  What better to make someone laugh than a pa ir ofdrunk servants.  During the duration of the story their drunkenness causesthem to do things that normally they wouldnt do.  They blindly taste to sorb on Prospero, a knock-down(a) sorcerer and scheme how to defeat and kill him. Who in their sober mind take on an all powerful sorcerer?  This is quiteamusing because it shows us how incredibly foolish we act when we are drunk. Of course their attempt to take on Prospero proves to be futile, insteadthey play dress up with his cloaks and when Prospero shows up, Stephano andTrinculo run for their lives and leave Calaban behind carrying the clothesthey attempted to steal.         Trinculo and Stephano were also quite amusing by being drunkthroughout the built-in story, they even stated that they wouldnt drinkanything else until the wine ran out.  Tell not me.  When the butt is out,we will drink a drop of water, not a drop before.(Tempest 288)       &nbs p Trinculo and Stephano also contribute to the play the idea thatevil in men shows no boundaries.  While Antonio and Ferdinand are making aplot to kill the King, Alonso, for power, Trinculo and Stephano are doingthe alike(p) towards Prospero.  They were enchanted by the story told byCalaban that they would become in charge of the island once Prospero wasdisposed of.  Another display of their deficiency to purity comes in the pitchby Trinculo on finding the resting Calaban.  Trinculo stated that if hewere back home that he would have people pay to compute Calaban.  Were I inEngland now, as I once was, and had but this fish painted, not a holidayTrinculo and Stephano of Shakespeares Tempest Tempest essays Trinculo and Stephano of Shakespeares Tempest         Trinculo and Stephano though not major characters in  WilliamShakespeares The Tempest, serve a large role in the story itself.  Theymainly serve as the storys comi c relief and they also contribute todemonstrating to the audience how evil has no boundaries.  Much of the playrevolves around Prosperos contempt for everyone who betrayed him, andProspero forces the conspirators to a remote island.  Trinculo and Stephanohad nothing to do with the plot against Prospero, but end up being draggedalong with the conspirators.  Their parts were small but were probably themost interesting in the story.         Trinculo and Stephano were primarily used for comic relief.  Comicrelief is very important because the story must be able to keep theaudience interested.  What better to make someone laugh than a pair ofdrunk servants.  During the duration of the story their drunkenness causesthem to do things that normally they wouldnt do.  They blindly attempt totake on Prospero, a powerful sorcerer and scheme how to defeat and kill him. Who in their sober mind take on an all powerful sorcerer?  This is quiteamusing because it shows us how incredibly foolish we act when we are drunk. Of course their attempt to take on Prospero proves to be futile, insteadthey play dress up with his cloaks and when Prospero shows up, Stephano andTrinculo run for their lives and leave Calaban behind carrying the clothesthey attempted to steal.         Trinculo and Stephano were also quite amusing by being drunkthroughout the entire story, they even stated that they wouldnt drinkanything else until the wine ran out.  Tell not me.  When the butt is out,we will drink a drop of water, not a drop before.(Tempest 288)         Trinculo and Stephano also contribute to the play the idea thatevil in men shows no boundaries.  While Antonio and Ferdinand are making aplot to kill the King, Alonso, for power, Trinculo and Stephano are doingthe same towards Prospero.  They were enchanted by the story told byCalaban that they would be come in charge of the island once Prospero wasdisposed of.  Another display of their lack to purity comes in the speechby Trinculo on finding the resting Calaban.  Trinculo stated that if hewere back home that he would have people pay to see Calaban.  Were I inEngland now, as I once was, and had but this fish painted, not a holiday

Acetylene Lab

Chemistry 12 Acetylene Lab March 8th, 2013 Hypothesis If the amount of gas is increase, it would have a fully combustion because it contains more carbon ions after the combination. Observation % of gas in the test tube ( approximately) % of O2 in the test tube (approximately) Black filth What kind of sound is produced? Trail 1 70. 00% 30. 00% Yes (Whole test tube) Puff Trail 2 50. 00% 50. 00% Yes Puff Trail 3 10. 00% 90. 00% Few( head of the test tube) High gob Pop DiscussionThe observation table do not support the hypothesis, since it shows the result that as the amount of acetylene gas decreases and oxygen gas increases, there would be a greater chance of a complete combustion. In trail 1, investigators use 70% acetylene gas and 30% of oxygen gas, which become unelaborated combustion. Black soot represents pure carbon, which means it do not have a complete combustion since fully combustions formula should have a simulacrum replacement which form carbon dioxide and water vapour . Also, when a complete combustion occurs, the test tube should be clean, because there is more oxygen gas to burn down the acetylene gas.However, during the experiment, the investigators make some human errors such as do not use on the nose measurement for the acetylene gas and the oxygen gas, acetylene gas leaked from the test tube etc. Conclusion Even though this experiment do not have a fully complete combustion, the investigators tidy sum still predict that the less volume of acetylene gas ar in the test tube and more volume of oxygen gas are in the test tube, it will have a better chance to form a complete combustion. To improve the quality of the experiment, ensure to use precise measurement and make less human errors as possible or perform the experiment few more times.

Harlequin Five Forces Analysis Essay

High economies of scale required. For an entrant to gain success in court novel market, it must receive mature sales, production, and distribution to operate effectively, which similarly leads to great risk. High product differentiation required. Other companies start to add much features while harlequin products remain relatively unchanged. Significant capital requirement required. This is evident in Simon and Schusters case, in which it bears a high upfront investment for this battle. Access to distribution channels is medium to difficult. Harlequin has gained exclusive access to groceries, but failed on stand-alone retails. Other competitors either choose regular bookstore or similar as Harleuqins however, it might be difficult to entrants to gain access to these channels by themselves. Government policy has been very protective to authors however, no clear restrictions on product images.Buyers PowerIncreasing buying power due to additional competing productsLow switching co stChanging target marketsA variety of choicesPoor retention rate, high return rateLoss of existing customers and high cost of attracting a new customerAmerican bray Series to meet consumers tastesSubstitutesThreat of Substitutes is high due to technology advancement and demand diversification.Evident in Harlequins attempts of film, clipping and scholarly persons choice (bookstore).Suppliers PowerIncreasing supplier power due to promising offer from Simon and Schuster Loss of excellent authors who later generate sales for Simon and Schuster shows that authors possess significant supplier power Other supplier powers such as sales force, printing business are relative stable Industry Competitors, aspiration among existing firmsLow growth rate as more competitors are competing for a stable marketother competitors are earning market share at Harlequins expenses oligopolistic market is another factor of intense competition Romance War due to introduction of silhouetteSimon and Schuste r introduced Silhouette, a rival business organisation of romance novels, in 1980 32% market share and risingCompetes the oversea marketsEmerging competitors as a result of Silhouettes introduction also evident in 5 additional rival lines launched in 1982 accelerate the intensity of competition and decrease Harlequins market share and chroma sales Possession of competitive advantage (i.e. No best seller management and standardization) which ease competition temporarily Bitter rivalry with Sillhouette S&Salthough losing money, but gaining market shareunderestimated by Harlequinhired Harlequins former vice president and best-selling authors advertising budgetcopied Harlequins Presents confused buyersFinancialRevenueincrease slowlyProfitdropped to half 1980-1981 ($44.7 22.3)drastically decreased from 1982 -1983 ($25.8 5.5)remove unprofitable subsidiaries films, scholars choices, magazine etcDebthigh debt ratio rapid increase from 1980-1982, then lower in 1983 expensive bad debts from the Reader ServiceCost40 new stores take up all the cashincreasing costs of Reader Servicesreducing costs at corporate level cut overhead expenses by 20% sales decreased, advertising expenses increasedWorking Capitalsdecreasing working capitals lack of cash flow for investment only 33 millions in 1983

In ‘Of Mice and Men’ Steinbeck explores the idea of the American dream Essay

The story Of Mice and Men is a youngla written by tin seat Steinbeck. Although Steinbeck writes the story in the late 1930s, he sets it in California, Soledad, while the Great Depression was being taking place in America, which followed the Stock Market devote of 1929, and the Californian farmers had little money to sp ar to pay these itinerant calculateers. This caused millions of leaners to lose their jobs, which lead to poverty and unemploy handst. A lot of men could not find deed and there families suffered evection and starvation. Steinbeck witnessed the hardship around him and his great novels including The Grapes of Wrath and Cannery Row these novels chance on life during the Great Depression.Of Mice and Men shows how there were a shortage of work and describe the lives of two itinerant workers, George and Lennie.George and lennie are the two main characters in the book, and showed the kind between the two friends. George was small and restless he had a dark causa wi th restless eyes and sharp strong features. He was bright, quick and clever who looks after the psychologically disabled strong Lennie. Lennie has a childs learning ability and is very childlike by asking to feel soft things. His body is immensely strong and has never learnt how to control his body aptitude. He is described in terms of an animal because of his strength dragging his feet a little, the way a bear drags his paw.George and Lennie are both workers, moving from ranch-to-ranch searching for jobs in Soledad, which is the Spanish for sole(a). In spite of this each worker has a dream. George and lennie like all workers piddle had a dream too, to live dour the fatta the lan, George and Lennies dream was to have a farm and then to do their proclaim thing were no-one can allow to push them around or circulate them what to do. entirely men had a dream similar to this, to own a piece of land of there own, this was something on all workers mind, which kept them going. Howe ver the novella ends in tragedy.Steinbeck introduces the main characters, George and Lennie early in the book. It is Friday evening and they are on their way to the ranch in Soledad. When the bus driver drops them off, he doesnt really care. They are shown as victims of society from the beginning of the book, where George and Lennie valued to be dropped off at the ranch were the bus driver then made them walk ten miles when he state the bus doesnt go round that end, and while the were walking the saw the bus go by which made George very mad. Steinbeck writes that two men emerged from the path and came to the green pool this is the pool of the Salinas River where the novel starts and ends. The two men are described as complete opposites. Lennie was a big(p) man, but had a mind of a child, which he was mentally disabled.George is like a father to him, George expresses Steinbecks attitude towards Lennie as a compassionate and sympathetic person. George and Lennies relationship is of friendship and dependence, although they both depend of each other it seems at first as if Lennie totally depends on George, this is shown when Lennie panics because he thinks he has lost his work neb and his bus tickets he says George, I aint got mine, I musta lost it where as there relationship is like a parents child relationship. Through the first paragraph George starts telltale(a) Lennie about the future and what they want. He tells Lennie in a child like way of that they want to live off the fatta the lan, with a garden and were Lennie can tend the rabbits. Lennie likes hearing this its like a favorite story where he knows all the words off by heart.In Of Mice and Men Steinbeck explores the fancy of the American dream. This idea is still prevalent today where commonwealth still have a dream, to do something and it basically means that anybody can make it big in America. This is based on equality and independence and put forward the idea that everybody can get rich, is fr ee and equal regardless of religion, race or country of origin, and also the American dream promises the freedom from persecution.In order to achieve the dream, you have to work hard. Each character had a dreamCurleys dream was to just be stronger than anyone. Which he shows his aggressive behavior towards those weaker than himself.Curleys wife wants to be a film star, which her dream cant ascertain as she is married to Curley where he doesnt allow her to do or speak to anyone a damp from himself. It shows that the marriage has failed, maybe, as he cant take on her emotionally or physically. Due to her loneliness she trys to seek attention with other men and cant escape from the sexual calculate of what other men have of her. Because of the circumstances of her own isolation she therefore cultivates this image as a means of getting noticed, to talk to someone.Candy wants to work on his own land and no one to push him around.Crooks is the only black person on the ranch his dream w as also to have his own ranch and no one to tell him what to do and to have no racist comments.So for the ranch workers to get this life they will have to work very hard.However for George and Lennie the dream could only ever be a dream. They want to believe in its reality but it is only ever envious thinking. George and Lennies dream is all to do with having freedom, to not have to be canned to not work on days they didnt want to. They wanted to work in a place and live in a place that is cosy and have of food. And Lennies dream is to live off the fatta the lan and tend rabbits and other creatures and have a comfortable, rich life where they can have there own independence, but Lennie is volatile, violent, huge and strong. Lennie constantly gets them into trouble, for type we are first introduced George and Lennie when they flee from weed. Where Lennie was accused of rape but really didnt do anything, as he only grabbed the ladies dress to feel the softness of it.There are numbe r of things to suggest the dream is only ever fantasy. Another thing to support this is that they wanted to re-create happier times when they were younger and part of a family Lennie describes his childhood with aunt ClaraI remember a lady, she gave we mice. In Of Mice and Men, Steinbeck shows how the badly the workers were treated in the Great Depression they were at mercy of uncouth bosses, which in this state in the book was Curley as he was the bosss son. One key aspect of their dream is that George and Lennie fantasize about give working condition of not getting canned.One thing Steinbeck explains is the basic needs of companionship, loyalty and having something to look forward to, as without any anticipate of doing something theres nothing to look forward to, and nothing to live for.The notion of all the characters in the novella being lonely victims is emphasized. They all have dreams one character in the book is Candy, he is a nice fella, he had lost his right hand in a f arm hazard and is reduced work of a ranchswamper. Candy has a dog that he is devoted to. The other ranch worker despite the dog, as he is old and smells very bad, so they confront Candy to let it out of his misery by shooting the dog, this illustrates the harshness of the relationships and the environment of which Steinbeck describes. It also predicts the end of the novelIt is only because of Candys offer to join George and Lennie in their dream to buy a ranch that it becomes a possibility of fulfilling their dream. As he said spose I went in with you guys.They fell into a silence. They looked at on another, amazed. This thing they had never really believed in was coming true.Steinbecks portrayal of Lennie is always compassionate but realistic. He is described in terms of an animal because of his strength. Lennie dabbled his paw He shows a victim of mental disabilities who cannot cope in harsh, unfriendly world. The society of the 1930s did not make allowance for the mentally ill.G eorge cares for Lennie but is manipulated by him. Lennie has a huge amount of strength and cannot control himself. He has a tendency to panic, which creates a problem like when he broke Curleys arm as he was trying to assay out Lennie held on tighter. Lennie never leaves a sight off George but when he is away he tend to get into trouble. Lennie is cunning and aware of this in another sense, and does not and cannot learn from his mistakes and is victim.Another time where he panics was the killing of Curleys wife he didnt mean it he just wanted to feel her hair, he is also selfish in ways as he ended up killing her as she was screaming, and all because that George may tell him off and not let him tend the rabbits.In conclusion the only person who achieves their dream is Lennie, as he dies thinking about their dream where George was reciting it to him at the Salinas River, before he dies knowing that the dream was in his mind.Steinbeck successfully shows the working life of that time and the dreams, of what everyone wanted to be to have a rich, and relaxed life, which people still have that dream today. Steinbecks sympathy and compassion for the characters, evident his storytelling is on their side.The title Of mice and Men links to the poem To a Mouse by Robert burns, he said the best laid schemes o mice and men, gang aft agley. And means no matter how well we may plan the future things ofttimes go wrong. And this is where Steinbeck chose this as a title.Steinbecks style is very good and adapts to his subject matter, imagery and dialogue. He tells this story in a convincing way without explaining in detail why everything happened and that it was nobodys fault in particular events and why they turned out as they did.

Narrative Poem Essay

In the poem vampire Keats uses a considerable keep down of exposition on lamia. I agree with the statement that Keats seems more interested in describing than narrating. This poem has a cock-a-hoop amount of description in it, with a large proportion of description to vampire. Lamia is a long, complex poem. The title character, Lamia, is as strange as the poem itself. Part I of the poem opens with Hermes, courier of the Gods, in search of a beautiful nymph for whom he has stolen light from Olympus.Keats uses a lot of description in this poem to create different feelings much(prenominal) as sympathy and sometimes to even make a character seem beautiful on the outside but somewhat mystical and sly on the inside. For example, in the beginning of the poem, Keats describes Lamia the serpent as a genuinely striking creature Vermillion spotted, golden, green, and blue. Here we lav see how she is depict very beautifully and Keats uses several lines of description on her alone at t hat point. In this poem Keats seems to be to some extent, obsessed with Lamia.Even when she is a snake he describes her as a wonderful looking creature Vermilion-spotted, golden, green, and blue This is another example of how Keats seems to be more interested in describing Lamia than narrating. This opus of description alone shows us how beautiful Lamia is. Even though she is a snake which is renowned to be sly she is still described wonderfully. Keats uses a strong description to describe Lamia and maybe to deter referees from the fact that he chose a sly cunning animal to portray Lamia.I come back he does this because he wishes to live out his fantasies and his wild imagination in his poems. This is the only way he would be able to portray his imagination and dreams. We can see that he likes to live out his dreams by looking at the description of the wedding. He has created a wonderful picturesque setting for the wedding and everything in the wedding is luxury. There ran a stre am of lamps straight on from wall to wall. In this piece of description Keats is describing the walls and how they are covered in lamps.Keats wouldnt nurture been able to afford this in his time and this is how he lived out his wishes. We can see by this poem the extent to which Keats uses his imagination to create wonderful settings and stupefying creatures. Another thing fictional creature he has created is the nymph. He has also made this nymph to be very striking. He may also carry done this to bring his fantasies to life in his poems. Since poems can be written about anything at all, Keats found it easy to create the wonderful world he wanted to create in his poem. All based on mythology and fiction.Although there is masses of description there is narration in the poem which clearly shows the reader what is happening. The large amount of description in this poem makes it easier for us to visualize the surroundings. The words he uses in this poem are very appropriate to the description he creates. For example he uses the word palpitating to describe the snake. In this word alone we can hear the snakes heart whipstitching by listening carefully to the way the word is said as it has so many syllables. In this poem Lamia is seen as a very magical, enchanting and enigmatic woman.At the end of this poem her true identity is discovered by Apollonius. At this point Keats almost makes us sympathize with Lamia and we begin to feel sorry for her. the end of this poem is a turning point for the readers ambiguous understanding of Lamia. So far we get the impression that Lamia is a sly and selfish woman because of the incident with Hermes and the nymph. It is only towards the end of the poem that Keats starts to use different description to what he was describing her as before. The deep-recessed vision -all was molestThis piece of description shows us how Keats describes her differently to the beautiful descriptions of her at the beginning of the poem. This piece of description almost makes us feel sorry for her again and it makes the readers ache a second thought about what Lamia is like and what Lamia really wanted. In this poem Keats evidently uses much description on Lamia and sometimes to create a sense of sympathy and sorrow for her. Without this description we would not have such strong feelings on Lamia and what we think of her. The large quantity of description allows different readers to express different views on Lamia.

Plight of Indian Farmers Essay

India is an agrarian country and around 60% of its people directly or indirectly depend upon agriculture. Agriculture in India is a great deal attributed as gambling with monsoons because of its almost exclusive dependency on precipitation from monsoons. The failure of these monsoons toilet lead to a series of droughts, lack of better prices, and exploitation of the husbandmans by middlemen, all of which have led to a series of self-destructions committed by farmers across India. Things have always been bleak for the Indian farmer. Here the term farmer is used to describe the agriculturists with very small land holdings or no land ownership at all. The policies of the governance and the often-lackadaisical attitude of the bureaucracy are obligated for the sorry plight of the farmer. Even the so-called Green Revolution was successful hardly in patches. Not some(prenominal) small farmers could reap the benefits of the technology that postulate large tracts of land and lot of mo ney.The constitution makers ignored the need for creating infrastructural facilities like irrigation and storage and not to mention the transport facilities. Some of the main causes of the farmers mass felo-de-se is repayable to absence of adequate social support infrastructure at the level of the village and district, uncertainty of countrified enterprise in India, indebtedness of farmers, lift costs of cultivation, plummeting prices of farm commodities, lack of credit for small farmers, relative absence of irrigation facilities, repeated crop failures. India is transforming rapidly into a primarily urban, industrial society with intentness as its main source of in stupefy which is why the government and society remains unconcerned slightly the condition of the countryside. Moreover, a downturn in the urban scrimping pushes a large number of distressed non-farmers to try their hand at cultivation in the absence of any responsible counseling either from the government or soc iety there were many farmers who did not know how to survive in the changing economy. Such stresses pushed many into a corner where suicide became the only option for them.The problems that plagued the farmers 15 years ago are still glaringly stand for today on that point is little credit available. What is available is very expensive. There is no advice on how best to conduct agriculture operations. Income through work is not enough to meet even the minimum needs of a farming family. Support systems like free health facilities from the government are virtually non-existent. Non availability of timely credit has been a major drawback for the agricultural sector of India. In a country which relies mostly on agriculture, constant endeavors are needed to see that unsophisticated and agricultural credit facilities are enhanced with time. As a part of these efforts, agricultural credit cards got introduced in the agricultural lending system. Similarly cash credit facility was also be ing offered by many trusts.However, a major shortfall in these schemes remained the fact that they were concentrated mainly to the niche segment. The farmers lying in the higher end of the pyramid received glide slope to these schemes while the marginal and small ones still remained unprivileged. The farmers problems should be assessed against the background of rural economy and the marketing of agricultural products. In almost all other frugal transactions, those who produce the goods have the right to decide the market price of the product. But farm prices are not fixed on the basis of cost return of seeds, fertilizers, pesticides, water and other in-puts, besides electricity and manual labour. Farm products are thrown into the market with the result that their price-structure collapses with market fluctuations. When markets are flooded with farm products, prices come down and a scarcity means the rise of prices. The scarcity is artificially created by middlemen and merchants. That is why traders of farm products get rich, while farmers remain poor. Traders get bank credit facilities, while farm credit is restricted to crop valuation which is not only uncertain, but considered at a low level by bankers who ascertain the farmers credit limit. Agriculture is not a sector for bank loans, and hence land assets are not considered for loan limits. The farmers are so omit and exploited that, in times of crisis, they either have to get themselves trapped by private moneylenders or commit suicide. More than 17,500 farmers a year killed themselves in the midst of 2002 and 2006, according to experts who have analyzed government statistics. In 2006, the state of Maharashtra, with 4,453 farmers suicides accounted for over a quarter of the all-India total of 17,060. According to government data, over 5,000 farmers committed suicide amongst 2005-2009 in Maharashtra, while 1,313 cases were reported by Andhra Pradesh between 2005 and 2007.In Karnataka the number stood at 1,003, for the period 2005 2009. In the last four years, cases there were about 905 cases in Kerala, 387 in Gujarat, 75 in Punjab and 26 in Tamil Nadu. In April 2009, the state of Chhattisgarh reported that 1,500 farmers committed suicide due to debt and crop failure. Farmers often have to take loans from money lenders because of a lack of alternatives, and if the crops fail, they are left with no choice but to commit suicide. The problem is that the Indian government has no plan to subsidize or compensate for farmers losses if he fails to compete in the interlanded estateal market or to survive worldwide market fluctuations. Unless their plight is duly assessed, adequate credit facilities are given, and compensation packages finalized, it would be difficult for farmers to survive in any market, particularly under the present rural conditions. The rural people consisting of 70% (including farmers, artisans, fishermen, 93% Tribals, 86% Scheduled castes, nomads etc.) do not have the basic facilities as secured by the unionized sectors.These people living in Villages of Bharat are illiterate, do not have basic facilities of health & education neither regular income nor growth. The reason for the lack of facilities is due to lopsided policies adopted in the past after Liberalization process. The leaders as well as Intellectuals have become immune to the problems confronted by rural people. There is a general feeling among farmers of being left behind in large parts of rural India. The widening disparity in per capita income between farm and other than farm sector, the very slow rate of growth in agriculture, the declining profitability, extremely weak social security arrangements, weakening family and community establish mechanism of social protection, lack of employment opportunities etc., and the rising aspirations are building up social unrest which, if not arrested, could lead to threats to internal peace and security. The decline in quality cost-risk-r eturn structure of farming, the low and stagnating income of farmers and the huge and widening income divide between farmers and non-farmers are the main deterrents.The Indian farmers have always been at the receiving end since Independence. Their hard performance fetched them nothing except fake assurances from the rulers of this nation. Its sad and unfortunate that people who are indispensable for the growth of nation have been left to their fate. This is quite unambiguous from the suicide cases in Andhra and other parts of the country including West Bengal. In states like UP, middlemen and Mandi officials ensure that the farmers turn into object of grief. The need of the hour is implementation of schemes introduced by the government. This can take place effectively if the village panchayats are provided more power to execute them in smooth manner.Today bureaucratic set-ups eat into their advantages. over again farmers need to be equipped with latest technological accessories t hat enhance the prospects of better output and thus make their contribution more prominent in the global economy. Better results could be attained if information centers having state-of-the -art facilities are set-up inside each village that shed light on issues related with farmers. They form the backbone of the nation and so it becomes imperative for us to be conscious of their needs.Recommendations to reduce the plight of Indian Farmers* Agricultural subsidies should not be stopped but it should be do in an efficient manner so that the needed farmers or poor farmers who are not financially stable can get these facilities and their situation can be improved. Government should have all the details of farmers and on the basis of that list distribution should be done. They should provide subsidies category wise. Improvement in the agricultural sector is one step towards the development of our country. * Comprehensive insurance safety net* Revamping of extension services in lines wit h e-choupals and dissemination of information such as agricultural prices and methods of low-cost organic farming. * Fundamental policy changes to factor in the fluctuating production cost in the minimum Support Price mechanism. * To commix surface and groundwater irrigation schemes and integrate the line departments in order that the schemes are implemented efficiently. * Policy changes to focus on farmers rather than seed and fertilizer corporations and set up of a commission with statutory powers that takes decisions on issues such as genetic modification technology and its impact on Indian agriculture, agriculture pricing policy and cropping pattern.

Margaret Atwood Essay

Margargont A twood once wrote Does wo handss liberationist mean a large painful person wholl shout at you or soul who believes women are human beings. To me its the latter, so I sign up. This clearly shows that Atwood believes that feminism is not well-nigh depicting a woman as a strong and macho character but a real matchless with admirable traits and some imperfections. fatheads Eye, one of Atwoods acclaimed novels, is distinctively a feminist novel that shows two different kinds of women in baseb each club. The first being the stereotypically traditional woman, who is weak and dominated to man. She illustrates this type of woman through her minor characters Ms. Smeath and Susie, twain of whom play weak and traditional women who face tragedy in life. Her second kind is the heroic and feminist character that while being admirable and strong has some human weaknesses. She presents this with two unorthodox protagonists Elaine Risley and Cordelia.She depicts Elaine and Cordel ia as two tough but insecure women who charge up to create their unique identity in the society. During the cartridge clip frame of the book (1940- 1980), society was extremely male dominated especially the literary aspect of it. closely of the famous authors were male and most of the highly regarded books were written in a chauvinistic manner, depicting women as weak, vulnerable, disloyal, unimportant and narrow minded. On the other hand, men were portrayed as heroic, overly strong, and perfect in every sense.Feminist novels, throughout this conviction, were novels that portrayed women as the hero and protagonists rather than as women. Atwoods scours Eye, however, differed from the typical feminist novels as it illustrated the women as admirable heroines who were strong and proud but flawed. This brought a realistic touch to the characters as readers were able to pull in them better as they seemed to a greater extent humanlike with strengths and weaknesses. Margaret Atwood cleverly proves her book unambiguously feminist through her portrayal of characters as she explores the struggles of dual level of women in society the stereotypical and vulnerable woman and the strong and unconventional feminist.Ms. Smeath is first introduced as a woman with a weak heart and someone who needs incessant rest due to her illness. Already, readers pity her and have a mental image of a weak and frail mother who is in need of help. In contrast, if a novel of the same era were to depict a man with the same condition, he would be shown as someone who is internally very strong and notwithstanding his physical illness, he would be fighting to save himself. This is a clear example of the sexist views of society during that time. Through the description of her physical appearance, one tin see that Ms Smeath believes that women should dress in a plain and conservative fashion. She is shown as wearing print housedresses which are especially saggy just about the chest and O xfords- which are very plain leather shoes.She in any case does not wear make-up or make fancy hairstyles and is perceived to be strict, straight and upright. This perception of her is subsequently proven true as Atwood describes her as someone who doesnt laugh, goes to church every week and does not stand for things she does not like like the time she was told that Carols mom and dad slept on two different beds. Mrs. Smeath is not like Mrs. Campbell. For instance, she has no twin sets and views them with contempt.I inhabit this because once, when Carol was vaunt about her mothers twin sets, Mrs. Smeath said Is that so, not as a question but as a way of do Carol shut up. In the novel, Mrs. Smeath is depicted as a narrow-minded mother who believes that Elaine deserves to be punished by God because she comes from a family that is not as religious as the Smeaths. Its Gods punishment, says Mrs. Smeath. It serves her right. This shows her high-self esteem and her belief of superior ity over others. Mrs. Smeath represents the dark and shame side of women in society during that time period.Another stereotypical woman, fragile and defenceless, is presented in the form of Susie, a fellow classmate of Elaines in night school. Susie is seen as someone who puts on a plug of make-up and jewellery, wears skin-tight c pass onhes, and has a quiet voice. To Elaine, she is just a fake and dumb girl whos just fooling around in class. Elaine as well suspects Susie of having an affair with their art teacher Mr. Joseph Hrbik, as she is the only one who sticks up for him when the rest of the class taunts him. In the beginning, Elaine thinks that Susie is incapable of love as she is too superficial another stereotype of women in that society, she believes that Susie is just playing with Mr. Hrbiks feelings for personal benefit. Susie herself is incapable of love, shes too shallow, I think of her as the conscious one, the one in control shes toying with him Susie represents t he other side of the stereotypical woman in society the opposite of Mrs. Smeath.She is seen as a dependant person as she seems to be in awe of Mr. Hrbik at all times. Another proof of this is the time Susie comes to visit Elaine one last time in Swiss Chalet. Have you seen Josef? she asked. I lied not well No why would I? I just thought you might know where he was, she said. This shows that not only is Susie aware that Elaine and Josef are having an affair she can do nothing about it, as she is too dependent on Josef. This also proves her to be weak and with a low self esteem. However, Elaine later discovers that Susie was in fact pregnant and knew that Josef would refuse to marry her and so she decides to abort the baby herself. This shows her helplessness, as she is unable to defend herself against the pain of Josef leaving her. Even in her weakest moment, the time she was in the ambulance she pleads with Elaine not to tell Josef. Together, Mrs. Smeath and Susie represent the st ereotype of women as either evil and dark or weak and vulnerable in society at that time period.On the other hand are Atwoods two uniquely feminist characters Cordelia and Elaine. Cordelia and Elaine represent the reality of women rather than the supposed roles represented by Mrs. Smeath and Grace. Cordelia represents a very strong but victimized woman of society and Elaine is the queer central character that is a very passionate and talented with a traumatic childhood, which influences her entire life. Cordelia is first introduced in the beginning of the novel in one of Elaines first memories. Straightaway, the reader gets the impression of a rebel when the narrative voice says, Were impervious, we scintillate, and we are thirteen. Through the way they express their likes and dislikes, and the queen they thought they had, one can easily make out they are feminists.Atwood uses symbolism when she writes Cordelia sits with nonchalance, nudging me with her elbow now and then, starin g blankly at the other peck with her grey-green eyes, opaque and glinting metal. This symbolizes Cordelias eyes as cold and sharp as metal to show Cordelias attitude towards others. Cordelia has many traits fit for a heroine for example her outer self-confidence she presents herself in an extremely confident manner despite her real feelings inside. Her independence- she is never dependant on anyone to guide her and despite having two sisters and mother to look up to, she lives life her own way almost struggling to create her own place, her own identity in the world. Her intelligence-she got promoted to a higher(prenominal) grade despite being offspringer than the rest. Her strength to become what she wants and not what the society wants her to be. And her leadership skills, which even though used wrongly, were hefty enough to go out she was always leader.However, Cordelia has some obvious weaknesses her family. Throughout the book, Cordelia shows that she has a certain discom fort with her family, especially her father who beat her- and her sisters who were the perfect girls thus, creating a lot of pressure for Cordelia to do well. But no matter how well Cordelia did, her dad paid no attention to her. She later on reveals to Elaine that as a child she would swallow hectogram so she wouldnt have to go to school, and she would dig holes in her yard so she could be safe in them and how she used to get into a lot of trouble with her dad and that she hated moving to the new house because she didnt have any good friends except for Elaine. At that moment, readers see the broken and mystic child behind the hard and cold exterior. Readers see a young girl who has been a victim to many pressures and responsibilities. Another instance of this is when Perdi says to Cordelia Pull up your socks, Cordelia, or youll flunk your year again.You know what Daddy said last time. Cordelia flushes and doesnt respond. This shows Cordelias fear of disappointing her dad and aga in readers see this young child just stuck in cruel and cold world, wanting to come out, but never given the chance. Another weakness of Cordelia is her self-esteem, which is very low. When Elaine and Cordelia are in high school, Elaine manages to get more attention from guys than Cordelia as Cordelia comes across as a fake person to most guys since she lacks the self-confidence to behave naturally. One more example of this is when Cordelia looses her job and tries to kill herself at cornerstone and gets sent to a mental hospital. Readers can make a connection between Susie and Cordelia, as both in times of trouble resorted to self-harm. And this proves the genuineness of Cordelias character as she has strengths of a hero and weakness of the female stereotype, which form her personality both powerful and vulnerableElaine Risley, the main unconventional protagonist of the book when first introduced, is a successful 50 year old painter patronage in Toronto (her home town) to do an exhibition. She is first seen as an insecure woman with a tormenting past but as the book progresses one can fully appreciate Elaines heroic traits. One can see the journey Elaine takes the struggles she faces, the obstacles she overcomes and the memories she leaves behind. Elaine, though not the conventional heroine and perfect, is someone most women will admire as she has a lot of inner strength. There are many times where Elaine shows her inner strength especially when she walks away from Cordelia, Grace and Carol, and when she finds the inner strength (through Virgin Mary) to go back home instead of loosing consciousness at the freezing riverbank. She also finds the inner strength to walk away from a failing marriage, while having no cover plans.Elaine also has a thirst for finding a place where she belongs, her own identity, which is why she struggles to please people- so she can fit in. She is very unique in her thoughts and actions for example when she runs past her poster and she has moustache, instead of feeling hurt or breaking down as the stereotypical women would, Elaine likes the moustache because she thinks she has achieved, finally, a face that a moustache can be drawn on, a face that attracts moustaches. She is also a proud feminist who stands up for women, when she goes to consciousness raising meeting for women, in which feminine issues are raised. She also feels bitter towards the Art Gallery of Ontario as they refused to hold her exhibit in their gallery because as she says, Because they have a virgule towards old dead men.She is also seen as someone who cares for others as she is shown giving money to the poor on more than one occasion and is also seen doing things to please people even if she does not want to for example the interview with Andrea. She also shows her caring side when she finds out Graces mother has a weak heart and so she goes and checks everyday to see if Mrs. Smeath is fine. However, Elaine also has her human weakne sses like her habit on putting on masks and faking things to please people. She also develops mental case habits such as biting her skin, pulling her hair and peeling her skin so she can feel pain and her existence. She also develops fainting fits and has suicidal impulses.She has moments where she is lost and needs help, she is afraid(p) of galleries, and is afraid to express her emotions and all in all she hold a lot in from her past that she needs to let out in order to move on. She is also self-doubting as she has no confidence in her abilities and she is paranoid as to what other women think and say about her. She is always afraid she is going to end up like someone and so takes pleasure in knowing shes stronger than others. She struggles her entire life to create her own identity that is not pre-determined by society. Elaine and Cordelia represent the unique and real female protagonist Atwood creates to represent the true role of women in society.Through her clever way of cha racterisation characters to represent a society much like a normal one rather than a fake one, Atwood explores the detailed struggle in the lives of all four characters, which at a first glance seem very distinct but are interconnected in their roles in the society. Atwood brings forth an unconventional protagonist, who despite being susceptible to weaknesses and flaws manages to gain the admiration of many readers through her actions in life.

Mongo Beti’s Narrative in ‘The Poor Christ of Bomba’ Essay

Postcolonialism is a term that ranges from artistic actions, political theories, cultural theories, and social ideologies which prep be created a new genre of African generators in the mid to late twentieth century that theorize this term. The fallout, drawbacks, and social emergences that have come out of colonialism appear to have taken the rendering of postcolonialism up to a certain point because according to some theorists of postcolonialism, the commentary still remains subjective. At this point, what remains is still the level of fancying toward the colonized and remaining questions as to the motives of the colonizers to colonize. Postcolonialism relegates the colonizers intent to just individualal financial gains everyplace the colonized, whereas the colonized and its following generations still be dealing with the results of such humiliations and dominations impacted by colonialism.Perhaps to understand some of the effects of postcolonialism a pronounceer should ha ve a textual analysis of colonialism itself-importance. In the book, The distressing Christ of Bomba, the author, Mongo Beti uses thread to tell a tosh that takes the reader inside the mind of a fourteen year old who finds himself in a function beyond his control. The characterization of the narrate mortalify an long time that draws the line between innocence and aw beness. The condition as it were in the book takes a satirical approach on how the circumstances under colonialism rule whitethorn have been. Betis clever play on words, situations, and storylines open up the mind of the reader to take in some of the implications attribute to colonialism that make the term postcolonialism so arbitrary (Chrisman 8-11).Postcolonialism is referred to what actually happens after colonialism, its predecessor. The area controlled by is territorial occupier gains its independence and appropriates its own establishment. Politically it may appear that this area is now tout ensemble indep endent however, the question remains if postcolonialism is completely underway. That issue in assaying to define postcolonialism for theorists is answering that billeticular question. They claim colonialism occupies not just a geographic area but a geographical unconsciousness of the mind of the colonized. Even though the area is now free of its colonizers, is it really free of its conscious self?When language, culture, religion, and education has been altered to evoke a new one for years upon new generations of people, can those people findtheir way to their ancestral state? So, if postcolonialism represents a medium of after colonialization, then it must excessively include the affects of displacement has occurred and perchance this is why postcolonialism is so inflexible to define to one particular assurance because on that point are varied implications such as social, economic, political, and religious cultural aspects have to be taken into account before a linear definit ion is implemented into postcolonialism (305-311).Post-colonialism also refers to a personate of theories in philosophy and literature which tackle with the inherited 19th century British and cut colonial rule. As a literary theory, postcolonialism consists with literature created in countries that were once colonies of other countries and in fact, for some, this may still be the case. This faction has produced many theorists that have upstaged the term and its core to other nonsingular forms according to Aijaz Ahmad, who by feels a grand perplexity of the definition in literature and feels that the point of what is postcolonialism is being subverted.He feels that as long as the word does not remain as is and that if independent states the use political strategies of colonizers, there willing also be inequalities among people and g all overnments which will be referred to as non-white. This globalization sphere of postcolonialism will historic harness the fundamental effect of c onstructing this globalized transhistorcity of colonialism is to evacuate the very meaning of the word and dispense that meaning so widely that we can no longer speak if determinate histories of determinate structures such as that of the postcolonial state (31).Before postcolonialism is understood at some level, colonialism itself has to be defined. Mongo Beti uses his book, The unretentive Christ of Bomba, to tell a fictional tale of colonialism. He uses wit, satire, badinage, and parodies to bring forth some revelations about this subject matter of colonialism. Beti uses biographical narration. It resembles autobiographical narration which takes the reader through with(predicate) a historical account using a diary-the manages of dialogue of the main protagonists life with other members of beau monde such as the colonizers and the villagers who bide onside of the road of Bomba. Denis is the young boy whose mental public figurery where this invasion takes place isultimately the readers tour guide of what colonialism may have like.Mongo Beti (1932-2001) was a Cameroon writer who was a theorists, novelist, essayist, and publisher. He is noted for being a prominent African writer who has been cognise to use satirical approaches to criticize and emphasize the effects of colonialism through his fictional novels. The importance of his characters in his novels, for example, The Poor Christ of Bomba, gives visional insight though the narrative of how the hierarchal order of the colonizer adhered to its position and then how the colonized subduedness presumably took place. Beti uses satire as a literary device to draw consciousness of a subject whose remnants have tried to define its effects known as postcolonialism.African Literature revolves around narration whether it is oral or written. Oral literature in Africa is considered enormously colorful, moneyed, and varied. Oral literature is closely knowledge with rhythmus and music. Audiences are invited to participate however through narration audience participation is different. Narration is seen as two kinds of art performance art and informative. It is rich with folktales, myths, legends, and proverbs. by means of narration present generations find a connection with ancestral past. Although earliest accounts of Africa literature are religious texts written in indigenous languages, most deep the major theme of African literature is the clash between traditional cultures and modernization which is written in a multitude of languages reflected by cross-cultures and colonization (Abiola 3). trade union Africa is dominated by Arabic language and its northern counties are considered Arab countries such as Egypt, Morocco, and Algeria for example. East Africas language is Swahili and dates back to 1652. By the mid-19th century, Latin script became more than popular. During the 20th century Africa literatures in European languages resulted because of colonialism. Cameroon literature of the 1990s is considered a reflection of its economic state. What Mongo Beti did by writing a book like The Poor Christ of Bomba, certainly made him ahead of his time. Much the literature is centered on the political status the country is in. Although tradition oral literatures arethere for social and religious purposes, written literatures excel in trying to bring political change to the awareness of its people (Krieger 20).Mongo Betis first hand account of colonialism feature with his traditional milieu with oral literature and creative writing abilities serve welled him bring a story whose narration posses the elements to place the reader in the middle of situation such as colonialism where for a moment the colonizer and the colonized have nowhere to go but live the life placed on them and leaves the future(a) unanswered for the colonized. It is this wavering end which sets the subjective meaning and tone for the definition of postcolonialism to be so broad and unpredict quali fied. Perhaps one reason why the definition is random is because the effects of colonialism to people are different and cohesive at the same time. As the colonizers in the book bring their culture and religion to villagers in Africa, the people are affected differently and yet very similar at the same time therefore, postcolonialism more than likely parallels the onset of this circumstance.Beti uses satire as a literary device to tell his story in his book. Perchance his book may have not been published had he taken a more disconcerting approach to the text. Satire became very popular during the early modern England in the mid-seventeenth century. It usually was utilise by anonymous authors who mocked the monarch, commonwealth, and then the Oliver Cromwell. By the 19th century it was used to mock social classes and Victorian values. Satire is known to use harsh or light humor to draw attention to a situation or a plight to try to bring attention to it, correct it, or change it. Be ti uses strong satirical elements for his narrative to perhaps illustrate a puzzle such as colonialism to the forefront of his readers mind.He then mixes in tradition narration like oral literature to set the tone for his story using biographical narration to tell the story of colonialism. Biographical narration is a story relating key facts or events with a persons life. It relates a sequence of events and communicates the significance of the events to the audience. There are certain scenes and incidents in precise places which are used to describe location of events. Sensory expatiate are vital in describing the sights, sounds, and smells of a scene. Detailed actions, movements, gestures, andfeelings of the characters are used to express usage of interior monologue to depict the characters feeling.Beti uses a biographical interpretation in the life of the characterization of Denis. It is through his nave eyes that the reader is exposed to the cut imperialists domination of Bom ba. It is through this lens that the reader sees what the main protagonist, noble-minded amaze Drumont, is like. The main characters in this book share a parallel to what is perhaps the link that embellishes the dramatis personae that details the account of who are the people represented in colonialism as a whole, for example, the colonizers and the colonized (Gikandi 61-70). The colonizer presents the dominant hierarchical state. This is characterized as a system of power. The elements which comprise this system are first the cut government.The French government felt compelled perhaps to take a different approach then the English to colonize Africa. They embedded their culture, language, and religion so fervently as a result today many Africa areas speak French as their first language and have remained Christian. Those perhaps resemble the colonizer are the Vicar, M. Vidal, man of the cloth Father Drumont and to some extend the instrument used or weapon of choice was the Cathol ic Church to influence the people of Bomba.The Colonized are everyone else and peradventure in the end, the reader. The Sixta women, Catherine, the narrator, Zacharia, and the men of Bomba play the roles of the colonized. Although their positions and situations emerge differently in the narrative, they are still under the colonizers rule. Their positions are different which exemplify the fact of how diverse historical factors come into play when defining the after affects of colonialism.Each character embraces the colonizer and being colonized in a dissimilar way therefore, the outgrowth of colonialism will create disparity for each type of person, such as, male, female, child, and/or new regime. This may be part of the problem in defining postcolonialism. Every person is affected uniquely and individually because each person is a separate embodiment of one another. Beti emphasis this predicament in each of his characters colonized or not, the condition is different yet the same. All play roles to feed and fuel colonialism.The Poor Christ of Bomba is about the Frenchs Christian relegating to colonize African society in order to profit and assert dominion over sovereign territories. In order for the French to carry out this mission of authority they had to try to come with gifts of humanity, tolerance, and Christianity. The French engrossed their colonies with their language, their way of life, and culture politics. Words were changed from native tongues to French words. The impact was to make African people more like the French. The French failed to see the way Africans lived and survived. The French saw them as barbaric without religion or culture. The Africans did as they were told for very different reasons and as a result, they were weakened by this dominating force.Father Drumont is first seen as a compassionate and caring individual who tokenizes the good in a superior-like nation. He message of Christ to help save pagan people bring a message of hop e to women in polygamist families and child who appear to be interested in his message. The men are not interested in hearing about Christ but are interested in what the mission may bring to help systema skeletale their economic state and infrastructures for the betterment of the regions.What happens is the African system the Africans was known is destroyed and Father Drumont realizes his failure to completely change the people. This book represents the disagreement between Christian and pagan power. This is symbolic of the disparagement between both the French and the Africans. Part of the novels creation relies heavily in the fact that the characters will finally have a better understanding of who they are at the end of the novel and how colonialism affects both sides of the aisle.While religion plays an important role, the mission is factual a camouflage to hide out the genuine reason why the French are there. The use of Christianity which even fools some of the colonizers them selves such as Father Drumont is essentially Betis archetype to use irony as a reflection of which religion and politics go hand in hand. The missionary is the representation is the epitome of irony Beti illustrates in the book. The mission is used as an excuse to continue the spreading of Christ but in reality it is thespreading French propaganda which tries and keeps the people suppressed so they wont be punished for their sins.The narrator, Denis, is a young fourteen year old boy. He represents the reader. The reader knows possibly nothing of what colonization is or implies. As the reader continues to read the story with the narrators thoughts and dialogue with others, he starts comprehending how easily the Africans were fooled by the French. Denis, in his still nave state is excited about the mission he will get in with Reverend Father Drumont. Denis assumes the mission is not just a spiritual quest but one of real(a) supremacy. He is easily lured as so many Africans were. All the older characters voice their inner thoughts and Denis, because he still is very immature and makes fun of the situations at hand.Denis is excited about the mission and the material things it will bring. The French are too but obtain grander things from it. He comments, And we need so many thingsan organ for the new church, a tractor for ploughing our fields, a generator for electric light, a motor-car, and so forth (Beti 9). The mission appears to a source for financial possibilities rather than the spreading of love of Christ. In an ironical steer this is the very start when Denis starts receiving mixing messages about Father Drumont and the Christianity he represents.Certainly Denis feels the church makes money through its members, but eventually finds out that whatever may seen convenient for the Father is convenient for the church without regard of its members and to those where the mission visits them. This inconsistency is a continual motif in the book. While Denis is in fluenced heavily by Father Drumont and his antics, Denis reveals a sense of maturity and knowledge in the end of the book however, this knowledge doesnt reveal wisdom, completely a sense of trying to remove himself from the problem of colonialism a good deal like the reader may what to do so.The character of Catherine can symbolize what Africa should be like. She is free and beautiful unlike the Sixta women, she does what she wants. Althoughshe is under colonial rule, she is able to infiltrate the colonizers temporary rule and still live by her own standards. She maintains Africas historical past. She is mysterious, magical, and lures any man she wants. Denis falls under her spell just like the reader may also fall for her because Africa, even though not actually sexual, is sensualized in the form of Catherine.The emphasis placed on her character by Beti also represents the hope Africa will survive colonialism and find a free self and identity after the invaders leave however, jus t as everyone involved Catherine has a major issue within her of her own identity emulated perhaps in Africas because they were so easily taken in. Identity is seen as who and what you are. For Africa, who were ill prepared to skirmish against the Frenchs intentions and lacked the unification to gather strength among themselves, they identified themselves collectively but not enough to oppose the French (Wolfreys 95-97).Zacharia is the cook. He is the consciousness of the colonizer even though he is in a colonized position. Beti uses this character to function as the checks and balances between the narrators inexperienced views over Father Drumonts true character. Zacharia goes on the mission along with the narrator and the Father. As a mediator of sorts and the most level headed one of the characters in the story, educates the Father and the narrator, Denis, as the journey gets underway about African culture. He awaits zany, corky, and irresponsible. Beti uses this character perh aps to be the voice of the author who finally deposes and exposes Father and the system which he represents and fights so hard to maintain as a symbol of truth.Zacharia understands Africas former self and goes on this journey to find out what the whites know that they dont. In a way, he also represents those men in the town who seem interested in Christ but really want to make money and do business on base their oppressor, the French. He is the spokesmen for the African standpoint in the book. He understands that modern society is plagued by the importance of money, so he too wants to know more about it. In a serious, sarcastic, satirical, and ironical way, Zacharia is the only character who can bring truths of African ways to light for the reader, the narrator, and the Father. Zacharia is really the only person the Fatherlistens to beside the system which in turn will also compromise his life as part of the damage caused by colonialism because it will displace the Father after the journey is over. The Father will then have no place to go.What follows the Father throughout the story is Zacharias advice and knowledge about the people of Africa and the system by which propels that Father to do what he thinks he is there in Africa to do. At one pivotal point in the book that changes things around for the Father is when Zacharia tells the Father that the first notion of God didnt come from him. To much surprise, the Father questions the motives of the roadside construction to M. Vidal and is told by Vidal that his intensions are to use the people into forced labor. This is when the Father has his first realization about his mission that serves capitalistic motives over Christianity (133-34).M. Vidal is the epitome of the colonizer. He is self-serving without a conscience and without a humane bone in his body much like the system he represents. He is the closest to the colonizer as possible. He wants to insure the people have completely submitted to the teachings of the church so they can do what the real purpose of the mission is. It is there to conquer hearts and minds as a consequent, they can work for the church and by doing so they have enslaved themselves to the very system who served them the illusion of Christianity.The Sixta women are an example of this kind of manifested slavery granted by the Fathers teachings. The women are used for hard labor and then free sex. When it is discovered most of them have venereal disease that are seen as dirty however, under French rule, the Father is guilty of not protecting them and placing them in a vulnerable position. This chaotic outcome is a grander scope of the missions failure under the Fathers rule. The Sixta women are submissive, turned into whore-like behavior, and are worked harder than any other kind of people under Raphaels command placed and over sought by the Father. They are forced to confess their sexual misconduct but before are beaten with a cane. The Sixta women endure punishm ents brought on by the Father, the supposed incontrollable sexual urges of the men, and the system that needs them to work which in many ways mirror the victimization ofcolonialism, the Sixta women are women are more easily taken advantage of since they are female.The Sixta women represent what the colonizer may see as Africas people uncivilized, promiscuous, and in need of a good spanking like misbehaved children. The Sixta women, like Africa, took a beating that was physically, physiologically, psychologically, and sociological by its colonizers. This is why it is so hard to try to define a word like postcolonialism. Parts of a major problem are the people being colonized sometimes didnt support each other much like the men who had sex with the Sixta women. The ones who would get blamed where the women, in as sense the men let their own people get beaten for their won mistakes. Instead of controlling their own urges they only added to this image of sexual savagery the colonizer a lready theorized that they were.The Father, the main protagonist in the novel, Reverend Father Drumont, is the life force of the colonizer. The Father is a major part of the structure and working function of the colonizer. In retrospect, he is the colonizer because he is a major player who successful to a certain degree in colonizing the people of Africa. He brings the word of Christianity to keep the people in line. The people, like the Sixta women, are forced to work for the church and change their lifestyles to fit in. By embrace this transition because of religion, the people in fact serve the French therefore the people through no fault of their own serve the colonizer because they are serving the church through the guiding hand of Father Drumont.Father Drumont is not as harden as Vidal but he is part of the genus Cancer that feeds the people of Africa. Beti makes Father Drumont see the error of his ways through the advice of Zacharia. By making Father Drumont see this turnove r, Beti is saying that all those who helped the system work are capable of realizing why it will fail. The reason it will fail is because humanity is not perfect and truth will emerge no matter what project tries to suppress it (Young 5-7).At the end of the book the reader realizes the next step is uncharted and open. Beti lays the groundwork to feel a sense of what colonization can do to people. He also leaves the question of postcolonialism up to the narrator who for some reason is clueless. It is important for Beti to end the bookthis way because the purpose for the book itself has been carefully and knowingly established.Postcolonialism is considered the after affects of colonialism. Beti introduces a glimpse of who the people were who lived though the ravishment of colonialism in the town of Bomba. The book should also be noted for other insights and credited for a wondrous storytelling plights. Through the biographical narration, Beti defines the troublesome situations the c haracters of Bomba find themselves as those colonized may have experienced. He sets the tone and pace the underlying reason the French arrived with ulterior motives to help the people of Africa.The multiplicity of the characters and their situations mirror the multiplicity of defining postcolonialism. Where the people go from is up to the reader. Other authors suggest two things revolt against the oppressor or work with them (Memmi 136-141). The dilemma is that it is not that simple because while reading the book by Beti what is ventured in the mission is the complexity of colonialism to begin with. Beti tries to put a facial expression on several varied situations through distinct characters. Perhaps Beti named his book The Poor Christ of Bomba, because one particular meaning for Bomba means a wild, rich dance that culminates between the rhythm and the dancer.The colonizers instrument of choice to dominate the Africans was religion. The allocation of Catholicism which happened to be a less than a desirable concept to the regions alongside Bomba in the story helped serve the people of Bomba a less than desirable dance embodied the notion of Jesus and rhythmic quest of the French. Conceivably the simile for the title is that the combination of the Frenchs intentions with the African people just didnt sound good musically, contiguity, or even symbolically.Works CitedAbiola, Irele F. The Origins of a Species African literature. Black Issues Book Review(January 1, 2001).Ahmad, Aijaz. Postcolonialism Whats in a Name? Late Imperial Cultural. Eds. RomanLa Coupa. E. Ann Kaplan, Michael Sprinkler. New York Verso. 1995.Beti, Mongo. The Poor Christ of Bomba. Illinois Waveland Press, Inc. Reissued 2005.Chrisman, Laura and Patrick Williams Editors. Colonial Discourse and Post-ColonialTheory A Reader. New York Columbia University Press. 1994.Gikandi, Simon. Reading the African story Studies in African Literature. NewHampshire Heinemann Publishing. 1987.Krieger, Milton an d Joseph Takougang. African State and Society in the 1990sCameroons Political Crossroads. Boulder, Colorado Westview Press. 1998.Memmi, Albert. The Colonizer and the Colonized. Boston Beacon Press. ExpandedEdition 1991.Wolfreys, Julian. Critical Keywords in Literary and Cultural Theory. New YorkPalgrave. 2004Young, Robert. Postcolonialsim A Very Short Introduction. New York OxfordUniversity Press. 2003

Summary on “Violence, Older Peers, and the Socialization of Adolescent Boys in Disadvantaged Neighborhoods”

I will be writing a summary of the journal article Violence, quondam(a) Peers, and the Socialization of callow Boys in Disadvantaged Neighborhoods written by David J. Harding (2009), who argues that, cross-cohort accessibleization by sure-enough(a) likeness peers is one source of socialization for juvenile boys (Page 445). He uses primary data collection from 60 adolescent boys in three Boston neighborhoods to understand the causes and consequences of these interactions and relationships (Harding, 2009, Pg. 445).In the journal article Violence, Older Peers, and the Socialization of Adolescent Boys in Disadvantaged Neighborhoods by David J. Harding, Harding (2009) suggests that disadvantaged neighborhoods influence how adolescents make romantic and educational decisions. Adolescents are also more likely socialized with the more accessible older people in the neighborhood who dont have a job, and work on the streets. The young person people disembodied spirit that socializing with older work force in their community that work in the underground economy helps with navigation through the dangerous streets and the older men influence their decision.The social isolation theory argues that lack of participation in the mainstream labor grocery isolates residents of inner-city communities from middle-class social groups, organizations, and institutions (Wilson, 1996, pg. 446). That theory, according to Harding (2009), suggests that kids in communities that are have high unemployment, dont start a life that is organized around their families work place, so some dont feel like they need to join the work force in the future for a source of income.They discipline their community make a living on the streets. One hole in the social isolation theory is that it does not address that in inner-city neighbors, people do, in fact, share some of the same ideals as other social classes such as the desire to get married and the importance of education (Harding, 2009). In ghetto-cultured neighborhoods, even decent families are competing with their childs peers when it comes to influencing their decisions on sex, crime and school.Adolescents look up to young men who are higher ups in the neighborhood due to their success in the streets (Harding 2009). Violence in inner-city neighborhoods is also a way to move up in the social totem pole of the community present your masculinity and earn respect. Harding suggests his own theory he had a methodology for primary data collection. He interviewed 60 adolescent boys between the ages of 13 to 18 in three ghetto locations in Boston.In his investigations, he imbed that violence in disadvantaged neighborhoods is rarely random or accidental it is directly related to interpersonal relationships and on going conflicts (2009). Another observation was, the younger adolescent boys of Roxbury Crossing and Franklin struggle to cope with the ever-present bane of violence, relationships with older peers are one strate gy for securing at least a measure of justificationBy contrast, adolescent boys in Lower Mills face a much lower threat of victimization.Their social lives are not structured by strong neighborhood identities that restrict social networks or the use of geographic space, so strategies for reducing the threat of victimization are less necessary (Harding, 2009, Pg. 452). In Hardings investigations, he takes note that there is big distinction between neighborhoods. He gives the example of a kid named Marcus that has a neighbor who owed him $4, but since he didnt want to fight his neighbor, he threaten his neighbors friend that lived in another neighborhood to get his money back.There is a bighearted amount of respect between people in the same neighborhood and big rivalries between opposite neighborhoods (2009). Parents in Lower Mills dont have to worry about their children getting jumped or fighting. They go to the park and have a good time. On the other hand, parents of children i n Roxbury and Franklin are evermore worrying about whether their children are getting involved with dangers on the streets. Neighborhood identity has a dowery to do with violence (Harding, 2009).Violence is a defining characteristic of impoverish neighborhoods and it structures kids lives and socialization (Harding, 2009). According to Harding, With respect to social organization theory, this article shows how the failure of a community to control violence can have spillover personal effects in other domains through the impact of violence on the age-structure of peer networks (2009, pg. 462). References Harding, David. (2009). Violence, Older Peers, and the Socialization of Adolescent Boys in Disadvantaged Neighborhoods. American Sociological Review. 74, (3), 445-464.

Care-Giver Burden Essay

Health sell in America is an bed of finances. Health share is an issue, especially for the financially strapped family. The following piece pull up stakes focus on the sell-giver centre of a patient who cannot afford to be taken care of because of lack of insurance or lack of funds in general. In the following pages care-giver commove will be addressed using several articles solicitudeing care-giver burden and three theorists Martha E. Rogers, Imogene business leader, and Dorothy E. Johnson.The articles are in design stressing the issue of guilt and depression when a family decides they dont hand over the time or the money to adjudge a loved one at home and must face putting them in a care facility (Sanders article Shouldering the Burden of Care). Other articles address the issue of keeping a family member at home (child) and the upkeep cost that entails such as home health aid cost, medications, or leaving a job (Wilson, Leslie S. et al. The Economic Burden of Home Care for Children with HIV and Other chronic Illnesses).Also, the review of patient care for carrys and the burden of lack of authority in administration this presents is an early(a) haoma of care-giver burden (Welchman, Jennifer & Glenn G. Griener, Patient Advocacy and Professional Associations Individual and Collective Responsibilities). distri plainlyively of these issues involves a direct kindred to the patient and their concerns for the burden they may become for their family, or for themselves in regards with money and insurance.There are legion(predicate) facets to unravel in the primary care system but for this paper, care-giver burden is the primary concept in terms of money. Three Approaches to the Concern Approach of Martha E. Rogers. Rogers theory involves four postulates energy fields, openness, pattern, and pandimensionality. (Barrett et. Al 2000). Each of these postulates involves the clients concern over their health and the relationships they form with not only the nurses but with their take in families.Rogers goes on to explain that power is at the core of each of these relationships, (power)is the capacity to participate knowingly in the nature of change characterizing the continuous patterning of the human and environmental fields. The observable, measurable pattern manifestations of power are awareness, choices, exemption to act intentionally, and involvement in creating change (Barrett et al. ) Most care-giving authority is given to nurses some(prenominal) in a hospital setting and during stay at home cases.The preceding concept or the patient is its important to have a strong trusting relationship with the care-giver in order for them to feel more than booming and also feel their issues and concerns are being heard. If the patient does not feel comfortable then the care-giver burden becomes apparent in scowling-unreceptive-to-therapy patients. However, in Welchman and Grieners article, Patient Advocacy and Professional Associations , a rising concern over nurses burden when taking care of patients begins to be seen, nurses are being taught to be patient advocates and both nurses and patients are the worse for it.The nursing professions redefinition of the nurses role from loyal retainer to patient advocate in the 1980s was supposed to protect patients by empowering nurses to think and act autonomously in their dealings with other health professionals. individual nurses have been burdened with a responsibility that most professions delineateto their professional associations. It is not a responsibility that individuals can readily fulfill. Unless or until the duty of advocacy is taken off the shoulders of individual nurses and returned to the professional bodies that represent them, nurses and patients will continue to suffer unnecessarily(2005).The nurses role in patient care involves everything a patient needs or may potentially need (feeding, bathing, lavatory visits, company) and according to Rogers theory making the patient part of the active choice of their own health. Therefore, in the mise en scene of this theory there is no control, because control is not held one over the other (nurse over patient) but power is shared, as Rogers theory states, people can knowingly participate in creating their reality by actualizing some of their potentials rather than others.In this theory there is no control control is an illusion since other persons or groups and their environments are likewise simultaneously also participating in what is being created. Each of these duties cannot be accomplished without proper support from family/administration, and without this support and the lack of performance in a nurses duty a patient will lapse in trust. This is the contention in the make-up of care-giver burden nurses cannot fulfill their role to maximum potential without the backing of the hospital rules.The burden is twofold for the nurse and the patient. As Welchman and Griener state in a final cul-de-sac, Advocacy for improvements in access to and deliver of health care is best viewed as a collective responsibility of health professions owed to society as a whole, not as the sole province of individual practitioners(2005). Approach Imogene King. Kings theory lies in the clients perceptual experience of self. This perception ranges from their body image to their own growth and development before and after surgery or during care-giver visits.As such, the crux of Kings theory is that of chat. Her theory subsists of human beings as, open systems interacting with the environment (Williams, Imogene Kings Interacting Systems Theory, 2001). Throughout the relationship of nurses and clients communication is the key to better health. This occurs through the patient forming several relationships with polar people around them these include personal systems, interpersonal systems, and social systems.Thus, Kings ultimate terminus stated in the theory is finis attainment. However, there are outside factors that stand in the counselling of working and healthy relationships. In Wilson et al. s study of patient care for ill and HIV children the stats for financing reflects a tremendous burden, .. in-home care for ill children (ranging from approximately $19,000 to $36000) is higher than that of hiring caregivers for healthy children (approximately $10,000) (2005).This burden is further accent for the family if they are not equipped to pay a professional care-giver and are dependent upon themselves for such care this issue raises the other issues of job attendance (some families pass up promotions, decline extra working hours, or quit their jobs entirely in order to care for the ill which makes the financial burden that much more potent). These numbers also reflect the elderly who are put in homes or whose family members choose to have them stay at home.Thus, it is important within Kings theory that each relationship frame free from outside stress factors in o rder for the recovery of the patient to be successful. The dyad of the nurse and the patient must remain free from concerns of money, otherwise the nurse is seen as merely a proletarian and not a concerned care-giver and the patient is stressed because they may not have coverage for received operations or insurance to properly cover the care-givers assistance.In Kings theory, communication led to recover, King believed that interactions between the nurse and the client lead to transactions that relate in goal attainment. Furthermore, King proposed that through mutual goal setting and goal attainment, transactions result in compound growth and development for the client (Williams). Therefore, the issue of money cannot come between the dyad.