Homelessness and Example Research Paper free essay sample

The number of homeless families with children has increased significantly over the past decade or so. They are among the fastest growing segments of the homeless population. Together they are approximately 40% of all people who are homeless. Sadly, rural areas contain the largest group of homeless families, single mothers, and children. Emotions hit home when children and babies can be pictured living in an alley with only dreams of warmth, while normal middle class citizens stroll by wearing coats and mittens without even appreciating them. People have not always had to suffer with homelessness. Though the problem has almost always existed, it had not reached a severe level until the early 1970? s. With every war there has been a small trickle of homeless veterans to follow, but the Vietnam War and Korean War left a wave of many people without anywhere to go. This was just the start of the problem. We will write a custom essay sample on Homelessness and Example Research Paper or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Many homeless people lived in places called Skid Row. A place with cheap bars, entertainment, and very cheap housing in buildings called SROs, or Single Room Occupancy. Then cities started to grow, and in the mid 1970s One million SROs were replaced with parking lots, buildings and apartments. Skid Row eventually vanished. Then the government decided to decriminalize what was left to control. That means there were a great many homeless people that would normally be arrested under these conditions, still roaming the streets. Women and children started to filter in to the homeless scene, and then in a huge recession in the 1980s 11,000,000 people were laid off (9. 7% of all jobs). The numbers of homeless people soared. It didn’t stop here though. President Reagan and Bush dropped public housing funds from 30 billion dollars to 6. billion, a net loss of 37,800 houses per year. By the beginning of the 1990s, over one million people were on waiting lists for homes. The one category that most people assume all homeless fall into is the undeserving homeless, or â€Å"bums†. These are usually men in their 40s or 50s who sit around all day and do nothing. They don’t try and help themselves or others. They lie and cheat and honestly deserve nothing because they could never give anything if they were forced to. They make up a very small group in fact, about 4% of all homeless. Drugs are everywhere on the streets. It is estimated that 20% of all people living on the streets use hard drugs daily. Such drugs as cocaine, heroine, and morphine plague certain areas. AIDS often spreads like wildfire among people who share un-sterilized needles, and once a person contracts the HIV virus, they become a statistic in the disabled category. Even the people with full time jobs are in need of permanent residence. These people live on eating scraps of food from trash cans, and possible meals from shelters on occasion, but those are usually three times a week at dinner, or some other type of schedule. People who have homes rarely think, nor can comprehend what terrible things that the homeless have to go through. They live in abandoned buildings, cars, buses, boxes, on park benches and underground. They eat bits of old fruit and meat with the mold and green sludge scrapped off. I have realized that there seem to be two main elements in saving a homeless person. The government needs to help homeless people get back on their feet. They need to make sure also that homeless people don’t abuse systems such as social security and housing. Also, the homeless need to get up on their own two feet, for themselves. Finding jobs, such as selling â€Å"Homeless Newspapers† seems to be a common first step. A vendor gets the papers for free or low cost, sells them for something like a dollar and keeps 55 cents, or a little more than half, for each sold. The homeless can then use this money to pay for food, shelter, and etcetera. Many shelters exist whose primary goal is to help the homeless get a job and home. They offer computer teachers, landscapers, welders, and other types of craft that can be used in society today. So if the government is willing to help get the homeless roused into the wanting of a better life, and they wish to follow through, then I think we could find a better, faster way to end the nation’s problem of homelessness. We see them as a crowd, one entity; we call them the homeless, as if it identifies who they are. What most forget is that they are also people. These â€Å"people† with social disabilities or financial problems are abandoned by society and become homeless on the streets. And although many believe they don’t owe anyone help, a little generosity could go a long way on the road to lowering homeless numbers around the world.

Adverbial Definition and Examples

Adverbial Definition and Examples In English grammar, an adverbial is an individual word (that is, an adverb), a phrase (an adverbial phrase), or a clause (an adverbial clause) that can modify a verb, an adjective, or a complete sentence. Like almost any adverb, an adverbial can appear in many different positions in a sentence. Examples and Observations My sister usually visits on Sundays.When she isnt working, my sister visits on Sundays.My sister visits on Sundays when she isnt working. The Difference Between Adverbs and Adverbials Adverbs and adverbials are similar but not the same. Though they share the same modifying function, their characters are different. An adverbial is a sentence element or functional category. It is a part of a sentence that performs a certain function. An adverb, on the other hand, is a type of word or part of speech. We can say that an adverb may serve as an adverbial, but an adverbial is not necessarily an adverb. (M. Strumpf and A. Douglas, The Grammar Bible. Owl, 2004)I want to [draw] a distinction between two terms: adverb and adverbial. The former term is a label for a syntactic category, covering familiar single-word items such as quickly, happily, and spontaneously. The latter term refers to a function. Linguistic elements that have this function include adverbs plus other linguistic elements such as phrases (on the table, at the bookstore, next week, last year, etc.) and clauses (e.g., after he saw the movie). (Martin J. Endley, Linguistic Perspectives on English Grammar. Inf ormation Age, 2010) Types of Adverbials [The class of adverbial] includes manner and degree adverbs (e.g. happily, clumsily, quickly, very), temporal adverbials (e.g. now, when, today), spatial adverbials (here, north, up, across), attitudinal adverbials (certainly, hopefully), modal adverbials (not, no, probably, etc.), expectation adverbials (only, even, again), and textual adverbials (firstly, finally). (W. McGregor, Semiotic Grammar. Oxford University Press, 1997)In most cases when we talk about adverbial classes as classes exhibiting syntactic characteristics, the classes get a label that suggests a semantic basis of the classification. Picking randomly from different classifications and ordering them roughly from syntactically higher to lower adverbials, there are speaker-oriented speech act adverbials (frankly) and speaker-oriented evaluative ones (fortunately), evidential adverbials (evidently), epistemic adverbials (probably), domain adverbials (linguistically), subject-oriented or agent-oriented adverbials (delib erately), temporal adverbials (now), locative adverbials (here), quantificational adverbials (frequently), manner adverbials (slowly), degree adverbs (very), etc. (Jennifer R. Austin, Stefan Engelberg, and Gisa Rauh, Current Issues in the Syntax and Semantics of Adverbials. Adverbials: The Interplay Between Meaning, Context, and Syntactic Structure, ed. by J.R. Austin et al. John Benjamins, 2004) Placement of Adverbials In reality, adverbials are very free in their placement, appearing in different positions in the sentence, not just sentence final: sentence initial- [Yesterday], I ran a marathon.sentence final- I ran a marathon [yesterday].preverbal- I [always] run well in the heat.postverbal- I handed the baton [quickly] to the next runner.within the verb group- I have [never] won a race. The various types of adverbials behave differently, however; while all can occur sentence finally, time adverbials are acceptable sentence initially and sometimes preverbally, place adverbials are clumsy sentence initially, and manner adverbials frequently occur preverbally but are less good sentence initially. One position which is impossible for adverbials is between the verb and the direct object. (Laurel J. Brinton,  The Structure of Modern English. John Benjamins, 2000)

Finance Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Finance - Essay Example The basic constituents of balance sheet are identified as the net worth of assets, equity of the owners or the stockholders and the liabilities held by the organization for a particular fiscal year. In this similar context, the assets which are taken into concern in the balance sheet of an organization include cash, stock or inventory, bills receivable, tangible properties (e.g. plant, machinery and buildings) and goodwill. In this context, the goodwill is viewed to be a kind of intangible asset and appears in the assets side of the balance sheet. Arguments concerning the calculation of goodwill and its inclusion in the asset side of a balance sheet have consequently given rise to certain questions which also requires to be considered by managers dealing with company finances (Zions Bank, n.d.). The key components of income statement of an organization include revenue, operating expenses (both direct as well as indirect), depreciation, operating profit, net income, earnings per share , gross and its corresponding net profit. In this regard, only the indirect expenses appear in the income statement as the expenditures are indirectly related with the making of goods which again gives rise to certain questions concerning the reasons to avoid including direct expenses. The income statement usually delivers an exact picture of the incomes as well as the expenses incurred by the business and also determines their profitability along with business performance (Wall Street Prep, n.d.). Challenges in Interpreting Financial Statements Managers entitled to perform the financial recording of an organization are often examined to face daunting problems or challenges while interpreting the financial statements in order to make efficient financial decisions. The reasons fundamentally include extremely competitive business conditions, composite business transactions, requirement to comply with composite accounting rules and regulations, inefficient reporting from subordinates a nd huge compliance expenditures. In this regard, one of the most apparent challenges which are frequently faced by the managers in interpreting financial statements is the obligation to follow specified auditor norms which if misrepresented can even necessitate financial restatements. Consequently, the reporting failures as a form of financial restatements pose considerable impact upon the organizations by affecting their financial position to a large extent (DeZoort, n.d.). The other challenge which might be faced by the managers while preparing financial records indicates towards the accurate determination of revenue or capital expenditures. This challenge can lead towards affecting the income statement of the organizations by a large degree. However, this challenge can be addressed by taking into concern the actual items of the revenues along with the expenditures in the income statement for the motive of evaluating profitability as well as flexibility (Wall Street Prep, n.d.). O verview of the Financial Statements of a Healthcare Organization The constituents of financial statements vary according to the business operations from one sector to another. The financial statement of UnitedHealth also reveals unique and immensely valuable information relating to the US healthcare sector. One of the imperative information which has been viewed in the 2011 financial statement of this organization is regarding the total revenue. As can be revealed from the information presented

Analyze 4 real cases of directors liability and lessons learned Essay - 1

Analyze 4 real cases of directors liability and lessons learned - Essay Example The initial case is a lawsuit concerning the president for a computer game company. In this case, the director breached his duty of being honesty because the Korean Website company reported the computer game company, 9Korea, together with the company’s director. This complains represented many people who had problems with the company, because it was using their personal residential registration number illegally. The residential claimed that the company’s president was not honest because he was illegally using their identities to open up new accounts for the online game developer. Regarding this case, the court alleged that the company together with its president should be the first party involved in campaigning against illegal use of other people’s names in online game registration. The courts also accused the company for being negligent by using other people real name together with their personal information, which affected more than 800 individuals without thei r permission. Therefore, the court posited that the corporation should reimburse every plaintiff a damage price of KRW 1, 000,000 (Loos 503). Second case is about Atlantic Richfield Company (ARCO). A minor shareholder in the company called McMullin. Mr. Beran alleged this case, claiming that the chemical company director favors major shareholders when it comes to discussing the prices for chemical products. Mr. Beran claimed that the director failed to follow the required rules in implementing the prices, thus discriminating the needs of minor shareholders in the company. Regarding this matter, the court dismissed the case citing the fact that the plaintiff had planned to rebut the rule governing judgments, which is in place to cover all directors against liabilities. Mr. Beran filed this case because he believed that the company’s director breached fiduciary duties that required him/her to perform his/her

Political Science College Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Political Science College - Essay Example The 'things' which he mentions in the title include the physical objects which the soldiers carried with them, and the emotional thoughts and pressures which they had to carry in their minds. These physical and emotional loads were symbolic of and filled with fear, love, grief and their longings. O'Brien specifies the physical loads which all the soldiers carried with them. Many of them were things of common use in the war, while apart from these soldiers also carried things of personal value to them. Soldiers basically carried with them an assault rifle, which is usually carried by soldiers of low rank. Some of them also had grenade launchers, multi-purpose two-pound poncho and even magazines of ammunition. Some included mosquito repellents, chewing gums, marijuana and pocket knives. Their priorities could be seen from the things they possessed. These loads were taken along because it would be of physical help to them in the war. There were other things which gave them psychological support, which made them emotionally strong in facing the war. These things were of great value to them. Lt. Jimmy Cross, carried with him reminders of Martha, his love. Cross has the letters which she sent to him. He occasionally took them out and read, hoping that she would be his sometime in future. He also keeps in his mouth a good-luck pebble, which was given by her. Henry Dobbins was peculiar because he found his girlfriend's pantyhose important and put it around his neck. Ted Lavender found it imperative to calm himself down and so always kept tranquilizers with him. Kiowa preferred the New Testament and kept it safe. While they literally carried these things, they also carried emotions, which were emphasized with their possessions. Cross keeps Martha's reminders and Dobbins puts the pantyhose around the neck in remembrance of their love. It gives them comfort in the war to think about the girls they love. Compasses and maps are also carried by Cross, because he has the responsibility of the lives of his men during the war. Some of them like Lavender carry fear which never leaves him. Apart from all these, the soldiers have the reputation, which puts them under a lot of pressure. They have the responsibility to fight courageously forgetting all their personal thoughts and grieves. Whatever they feel, it must not be taken out when facing their enemies and this demanded a lot of strength. As it is mentioned in 'On the Rainy River,' many of the soldiers might have been forced into war like O'Brien was and they may not have enough strength to fight or face the enemies. Their internal conflicts togethe r with a repulsion towards war, increased their mental sufferings. Even after the war, the soldiers have psychological burdens with the thoughts about their dead fellow-mates and the terror of the war. They are never relieved of its frightening experiences and its thoughts. Thus, the physical and emotional loads which they carry with them to the war are what the author means by 'things.' The things that they carried were of great importance to them, because all of it either physically or emotionally helped them face the war. While the rifles gave them safety, the mosquito repellents made survival easier. The religious books made them brave and courageous and the reminders of love performed a role of relieving their thoughts from the terror of war and fear of lives to a happier and safer future, where they would unite with their

How Could Demand Elasticity Lead To Pricing Decisions?

How Could Demand Elasticity Lead To Pricing Decisions? How Could the Knowledge of Demand Elasticity Lead to Make Pricing Decisions? Making pricing decisions Price sensitivity is not just about charging high prices to maximize revenue. It might also relate to cut prices sometimes dramatically to encourage people who may otherwise not be part of the market to use the services or goods being provided. In business, it is like business of education, learning of price elasticity of demand. This concept is a cornerstone in any discussion of microeconomic principles and pricing for marketing effectiveness. Practically, price elasticity of demand involves the idea that consumers are affected by manipulations of price. On the producer part of view, price represents a distinct reflection of the production and marketing costs incorporated in bringing the product to the marketplace as well as the beginning point in the calculation of revenue and profit. On the consumer part, price is a critical ingredient in the image and value-conceptualization of a product. Elasticity of demand is dependent on the knowledge of the determinants of demand and helps firms and policy makers plan of consumer behavior in the market place. Products that can be replaced are likely to have a positive cross price elasticity of demand because the change in price makes them relatively more or less expensive in relation to each other. Similarly co-relative goods will give rise to a cross price elasticity of demand value that is negative. Strategic pricing  clarifies the relationship between market segmentation and price, and delivers the tools your organization needs to stay focused on value as you determine break-even, define price elasticity, and analyze tradeoffs between features and price points. Using strategic pricing tools yields is a better positioning approach. What I want to bring out here is a company director isnt only concern about calculating numbers profits. The number is a meaning at the end; when taking about price elasticity of demand it is used to see how sensitive the demand for a product is to a price change. The higher the price elasticity, the more sensitive consumers are to price changes. The very high price elasticity suggests that when the price of a product goes up, consumers will buy a great deal less of it and when the price of that good goes down, consumers will buy a great deal more. The very low price elasticity infers the opposite, that changes in price have little influence on demand. When measuring elasticity, what is being measured is the responsiveness to demand to its determinants, such as income and other goods. This gives rise to income elasticity of demand and cross price elasticity of demand. Income elasticity measures the responsiveness of demand to a change in income. Cross price elasticity of demand measures the responsiveness of quantity demanded to a change in price of another good. Demand elasticity of make pricing decision will define how the market will react to changes in price. Understanding of this will allow companies to make informed decisions on how should approach the final sale of the good which is achieved through marketing. Background Historically elasticity of demand thinking has been primarily applied to the marketing mix variable of price. However, the concept can also lend meaningful insights into the administration of the other marketing mix and environmental variables in a context of causality. There exists a rich body of literature exploring the more extensive uses of elasticity of demand. However, basic marketing texts, and presumably introductory classes, typically do not feature the wider applications of the tool. At the beginning of 20 century, economist started to found out that demand consisted of more than simple purchasing power. It reverberate desire as well as ability to purchase, and new experiences with advertising and salesmanship were proving that desire could be increased and carved by factors other than the existence of supply. An extra idea of the market concerned its capacity to adjust itself automatically to an amicable balance. It had long been held that competitive forces would normally, in the long run, dissipate tendencies of unbalance, but as competition decreased in some industries and trades, the assumptions found in traditional economic theory became increasingly invalid. A third idea was that cost was the principal determinant of price, at least in the long run. Concepts of the elasticity of demand were still another influence upon the thinking of early marketing theory. Alfred Marshals concept of elasticity of demand has long been used by marketing writers as a theore tical basis for selling, advertising and the promotional work of marketing in general. (Fig 1. Price Elasticity of Demand (PED) It was devised by Alfred Marshall.) Content Price elasticity of demand is defined as the measure of responsiveness in the quantity demanded for products as a result of change in price of the same products. To say it in another way, its percentage change in quantity demanded as per the percentage change in price of the same products. In economics and in business, the price elasticity of demand is a measure of the sensitivity of quantity demanded to changes in price. It is measured as elasticity, which it is measures the relationship as the ratio of percentage changes between quantities demanded of a good and changes in its price. A price fall usually results in an increase in the quantity demanded by consumers. The demand for a good is relatively inelastic when the change in quantity demanded is less than change in price. Goods and services for which no substitutes exist are generally inelastic. Marketing strategy focus on the decisions marketers make to help the company satisfy its target market and achieve its objectives. Price, of course, is one of the key marketing mix decisions and due to all marketing decisions must work together; the final price will be impacted by how other marketing decisions are made. Every companies view price as a key selling feature, but some firms, for example those seeking to be viewed as market leaders in product quality, will de-emphasize price and concentrate on a strategy that highlights non-price benefits e.g. quality, durability, service, etc. Such non-price competition can help the company avoid potential price wars that often break out between competitive firms that follow a market share objective and use price as a key selling feature. Understanding how price changes impact the market requires the marketer have a firm understanding of the concept economists call elasticity of demand, which relates to how purchase quantity changes as prices change. Elasticity is evaluated under the assumption that no other changes are being made and only price is adjusted. The logic is to see how price by itself will affect overall demand. Obviously, the chance of nothing else changing in the market but the price of one product is often unrealistic. For example, competitors may react to the marketers price change by changing the price on their product. Despite this, elasticity analysis does serve as a useful tool for estimating market reaction therefore it leads to make pricing decisions. Price elasticity of demand elasticity plays an important part when it needs to make piecing decision Marketing Essentials: economics knowledge to pricing from a marketing perspective (supply, demand, price elasticity). And the knowledge of income elasticity of demand for different products helps firms predict the effect of a business cycle on sales as well. All countries experience a business cycle where actual GDP moves up and down in a regular pattern causing booms and slowdowns or even a recession. The business cycle means incomes rise and fall. Elasticity deals with three types of demand scenarios: (1) Elastic Demand, (2) Inelastic Demand and (3) Unitary Demand. For marketers the important issue with elasticity of demand is to understand how it impacts company revenue. Strategic Pricing  define the relationship between market segmentation and price, and delivers the tools to the organization needs to stay adjusted on value as determine break-even, define price elasticity, and analyze tradeoffs between features and price points. Using strategic pricing tools yields a better positioning approach. Opportunity cost is the cost expressed in terms of the next best alternative sacrificed. Opportunity cost is central to the whole study of both economics and business as it is at the heart of the decision making that characterizes the essence of both subject disciplines. Value helps to explain why the demand curve slopes downwards from left to right. At higher prices, consumers have to sacrifice more utility (the satisfaction gained) from consuming other products. For some in a market, the price they are being asked to pay does not represent value for money in other words they recognize that the sacrifice of other goods and services they have to make represents a negative impact on their utility. This is all very theoretical but it is what we do when we make decisions about spending every day. Elasticity varies among products because some products may be more essential to the consumer. Products that are necessities are more insensitive to price changes because consumers would continue buying these products despite price increases. Conversely, a price increase of a good or service that is considered less of a necessity will deter more consumers because the opportunity cost of buying the product will become too high. Price elasticity of demand is defined as the measure of responsiveness in the quantity demanded for a commodity as a result of change in price of the same commodity. In other words, it is percentage change in quantity demanded as per the percentage change in price of the same commodity. In economics and business studies, the price elasticity of demand (PED) is a measure of the sensitivity of quantity demanded to changes in price. It is measured as elasticity, which is it measures the relationship as the ratio of percentage changes between quantity demanded of a good and changes in its price. A price drop usually results in an increase in the quantity demanded by consumers. The demand for a good is relatively inelastic when the change in quantity demanded is less than change in price. Goods and services for which no substitutes exist are generally inelastic. Demand for an antibiotic, for example, becomes highly inelastic when it alone can kill an infection resistant to all other antibiotics. Rather than die of an infection, patients will generally be willing to pay whatever is necessary to acquire enough of the antibiotic to kill the infection. The primary objective of a business is to provide quality products and services to customers, and through this to make a profit as a strongly related objectives measure. Many organizations fail to make an appropriate profit because they do not know how to price their products or services. Pricing is the critical element in achieving a profit and is a factor that all firms should seek to control. In order to set prices appropriately, a firm must understand their products, the market for these, production and distribution costs, and the competition. Especially with the growth of the Internet and electronic commerce networks, the marketplace responds very rapidly to technological advances and international competition. Thus, the need to be continually sensitive to the many factors that affect pricing, and to be ready to adjust organizational behavior appropriately, is greater than ever. Here, we present a literature review and overview of this important subject and related pricing decis ion support issues. Conclusion In my opinion, the theory behind price sensitivity is based on an understanding of the aims of an organization and the concepts of price elasticity of demand and consumer surplus. Most private sector business organizations will need to make a profit to survive. This may not translate to a profit maximizing approach but nevertheless they will be looking to generate profits from activities. Part of this process will be looking at what happens to revenue. Revenue is the amount received from the sale of goods and services and is found by multiplying the price of a product by the quantity sold. Price has an important function in markets. It acts as a signal to both producers and consumers. For producers it gives them some indication about the returns they can expect from sales in relation to their costs in other words whether it is worth producing a good or not. For consumers it provides an indication about value. Value is a very important concept in economics and business. It is difficult to define because we all have a different interpretation of what value means. In essence, the value we place on a good or service is indicated by the price we are willing to pay to consume that good or service. Price sensitivity therefore is important to all businesses when considering their pricing strategies. They will need to have some understanding of how their market will react to changes in price and thus what the impact is on their revenue. Understanding of this will allow companies to make informed decisions on how should approach the final sale of the good which is achieved through marketing.

Internet Disaster :: Impact Technology Cause Effect Papers

Internet Disaster The normal developmental process of a teenager is built upon a mastery of their bodies, their minds, and their environment. This process known as adolescence is essential to the development of a healthy sense of self, and the ability to successfully interact with themselves and their environment. In this paper I will examine the lives of 2 teenagers who substituted some of the traditional roles of adolescence with computers and the Internet as their primary link to the world, with disastrous results. A computer is just a tool. When software is loaded, the computer performs a task. There is nothing particularly remarkable about this. A solitary computer while individually powerful has very little interaction with anyone beside its primary user. It is only when a computer is connected to the Internet does it truly appeal to a teenager. Once connected to the Internet the computer enables a teenager to take advantage of all the myriad communication outlets available. These outlets cover a huge variety of interests and technical implementations from MMORPG (Massively Multiplayer On-Line Role Playing Games) to simpler chat systems like IRC (Internet Relay Chat) and MUDS/MOO (Multi User Dungeon/MUD Object Oriented) to AOL’s family of real-time chat systems (Instant Messenger, ICQ). Besides these fairly well known applications, there are dozens of other software applications designed to permit users to communicate in almost any conceivable technical manner in almost any com bination of race, age, gender or era. It is by using this infinite variety of possibilities that a teenager can substitute the normal process of adolescence A computer, like a teenager, needs to learn how to perform a task. In a computer, the process of learning is called programming. In a teenager the process is called socialization. A computer is programmed by creating a series of machine language instructions that are executed by the computer’s microprocessor. Normally, however a computer is programmed through the use of a high level language such as C, or C++. This high level language abstracts the internal hardware of the machine such that the learning curve is easier to surmount. Another piece of software called the compiler accepts inputs from a high level language and outputs machine language code ready to be run. A teenager is programmed by their interactions with themselves, their peers and their own environment.